Brazil

= THE FIGHT FOR STABILITY & ECONOMIC PROSPERITY =

Jordan Ellis-Sayegh
=government= Following WWII Getulio Vargas who had been president since 1930 was overthrown in a bloodless coup by the military, which had previously supported him.

The military which had now taken power of Brazil, established elections and a new constitution, this put General Gaspar Dutra in control of this developing country, until 1951 when Vargas returned to presidency.

Goulart ousted in bloodless coup by the military who then take lead of Brazil. Although repressive, economics flourish because of state owned production.

Geisel puts reforms in place that allow limited political activity and election.

Neves First Civilan President under electoral college set up by the Military, but dies before he is put in office and VP sarney is put in office.

New constitution arises reducing presidential power.

de mallo is first directly elected president

After the attempted assassination of Vargas the military leaders offer him the chance to step down or be overthrown by them once more, Vargas responds to committing suicide.

[|Juscelino Kubitschek], was a former province governor who took leadership After Vargas's death. Kubitschek tried to make Brazilian people nationalist by taking action with land and appealing for financial aid with other Latin American powers.

Although he helped advance brazil greatly, in 1960 Jânio Quadros took office with the greetest popular margin in Brazil's History. Quadros was only in office for 8 months before his ousting happened by the military, only after he had the country in economic turmoil and constitutional crisis. He was unliked by Brazilians and foreigners of all powers.

João Goulart was similar to Kubitschek in trying to advance all people of Brazil by attempting to put all people on relatively the same level, even communists and allowing people from rags or riches to participate in politics for the first time in Brazil.

Goulart even had meetings with other powerful leaders about his decision to allow communists to hold political positions in both the government and their agencies. With minor influence from Lyndon Johnson Goulart was overthrown and fled to Uruguay.

The military used its undeniable force to keep themselves at the peek of power, denying rights of people and not allowing any opposition groups to gain support. They adopted some reforms of Goulart and kept the country as economically stable as the could and improved the Brazilian tax plan.

As much as the Military dominated Brazil they blueprinted the system for electing future presidents and vice presidents but still leaders chosen were chosen by government and not the people.

**Economics** President Dutra did not allow any foreigners to develop brazilian oil disallowed foreign powers to develop brazilian oil, and advanced highway constructions and hydroelectric power Even though these were important and helpful it led to more and more inflation.

The military regime put state in charge of industry and during their times as leaders industry and economy advancement doubles

military represents strong economy and economic developement When Vargas steps into power he spends tons of money on government projects and not only caused more inflation but an increase in food price This also increased the price of their coffee export which almost lost them the United States as a customer

All presidents post 1945 push to industrialize Brazil

Vargas instituted minimum wage for the unskilled workers in Brazil

Under Kubitschek Brazil teamed up with other latin american nations and appealed for a Latin American marshall plan for them just as europe had gotten. He also expropriated land that was owned by the US after the appeal was accepted with little sympathy, all the while he comes on as a strong US ally.

like Dutra kubitschek was interested in highways, hydroelectric power and building construction a lot of money borrowed created ambitious 5 year plan while also receiving american loans so he could move the capital of Brazil and rename it Brasilai

although he advanced a lot of things he caused huge amounts of inflations and almost a 4 billion dollar debt

Brasilia became nations capital and was seen as a sign for future prosperity

Quadros angered a lot of businessmen with his high tax plans

Goulart put mild restrictions on profit being taken from brazil

Because of communist being allowed in politics US was holding back on money to support brazil in reforms and economy

military regime used some of goularts reforms and helped inflation with wage controls and improved tax plans

imports made it impossible for inflation to cease

largest latin american nation and increasing economic power

suspended debt payments to foreign countries

freezes prices and wages to stop inflations and only works until prices are unfrozen

**culture** new capital brasilia

=social=

poverty= slums

quadros tried to negotiate with communist bloc because US traded with soviets and angered US

programs meant to benefit common people

United States was pursuing what it called t he Alliance for Progress, which was supposed to support reform as well as economic advance, but the U.S. was holding back on loans to Brazil.

Wealthy Brazilian landowners and industr ialists were also unhappy with Goulart Brazil, meanwhile, had more than doubled its population since 1930, which reached 70 million in 1960. Since 1940 it had doubled its number of industrial workers, to more than 25 percent of its population. Its urban areas were growing, but not without slums.

**agriculture** But Brazil was growing most of its own food – beans, cassava and maize – and was advancing agriculturally. Brazil was the world's fifth largest producer of cotton – its second largest export, after coffee. It was also exporting cacao beans – from which c hocolate is made. And its cattle industry was thriving.

=impact of globalization= Globalization had a huge impact on Brazil although there is a lot of poverty and still inflation it one of the fastest developing latin american countries, and one of the fastest developing countries overall. it has huge influence over a lot other latin american countries and one of the largest democratic governments in the worlds. Globalization gave Brazil systems and ideas to help improve and develop their country at an incredible rate. It allowed them to become the successful nations they are today.